Identification and antifungal activity analysis of two. Elad 1992 investigated the effect of 17 different free. Pathogenproduced ethylene and the colletotrichum musae. Nahco 3 in the culture medium reduced mycelial growth, spore production, spore germination and appressoria production of c. These fungi have also been used in many fundamental studies of plantpathogen interactions and are being developed as mycoherbicides for the biological control of weeds.
Detection, isolation, and pathogenicity of colletotrichum spp. Based on cultural and morphological characteristics, isolates from banana and guava were identified as colletotrichum musae and from. Phenotypic and molecular characterization colletotrichum. Colletotrichum musae was isolated from floral parts mainly during the month following bunch emergence. Bakir department of botany and microbiology, college of science, king saud university, p. Prabhakaran nair, in the agronomy and economy of important tree crops of the developing world, 2010. Anthracnose of banana, caused by colletotrichum musae. Molecular identification of colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In vitro screening of antagonistic bacteria bacteria were obtained by the dilution method from fruit surfaces of banana.
To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble english words left, right, up, down from the falling squares. Hegde and rajasekhar lella department of plant pathology, college of agriculture, university of agricultural sciences, dharwad 580005, karnataka, india corresponding author a b s t r a c t. Nitrification inhibitors nis are chemicals that inhibit or retard oxidation of ammonium to nitrate n. Parallel investigations on the iron flux in conidia during germination demonstrated that the presence of germination stimulants did not. Glomerella is a genus of fungi that are symbionts to plants as endophytes living within the plant or phytopathogens. Colletotrichum leaf blight colletotrichum gloeosporioides penz. Postharvest control involves packing station sanitation, conservation, reduction of wounding during harvest and packaging, and both chemical and physical control methods. What are the common anthracnose pathogens of tropical fruits. Banana is one of the most important tropical crops and is affected by several fungal diseases, such as crown rot postharvest disease. Chemical signals from avocado surface wax trigger germination. Green nanoparticles a novel approach for the management. Download adobe acrobat reader free software to read pdf files.
The host specific species colletotrichum musae on bananas and c. Also observed was the effect of the carbonnitrogen ratio on growth. Colletotrichum piperatum grover, 1971, chlorogenic acid in colletotrichum musae swinburne, 1976. Pdf essential oils to control colletotrichum musae in. Anthracnose, caused by colletotrichum musae, is the most important postharvest disease of banana and is widely distributed among the ba. Identification and characterization of colletotrichum spp. Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose in chili in. The mode of infection ofcolletotrichum musae, the main causal agent. Importance of different sources of inoculum and dispersal.
Role of appressoria in latent infection of banana fruits by colletotrichum musae 1. Isolates of colletotrichum found to be pathogenic and attributed to the species c. Pdf epitypification of colletotrichum musae, the causative agent of. Colletotrichum musae pathogen during post harvest anthracnose of banana ismet ara, h. Detection, isolation, and pathogenicity of colletotrichum. Two isolates of colletotrichum musae cm100 and cm103 which differed significantly in their sensitivity to the fungicides thiabendazole tbz and imazalil were grown on malt extract agar amended with the following antioxidants. Colletotrichum musae populations towards fungicides that are currently used for the control of. Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a fungus which causes anthracnose, or black spot disease, of the common bean plant phaseolus vulgaris. Colletotrichum musae, the fungus responsible for this disease, forms. Several other species or strains of colletotrichum have been reported from coffee including saprobic strains, and colletotrichum, along with guignardia and xylaria are the most common genera of coffee endophytes in puerto rico masaba and waller, 1992. In the present study, isolates of colletotrichum were obtained from. Based on cultural and morphological characteristics, isolates from banana and guava were identified as colletotrichum musae and from water apple as colletotrichum gloeosporiodes.
Artificial and natural infections of postharvest diseases of banana were effectively controlled. Symptomless infection of banana and maize by endophytic. It is considered a hemibiotrophic pathogen because it spends part of its infection cycle as a biotroph, living off of the host but not harming it, and the other part as a necrotroph, killing and obtaining nutrients from the host tissues. Streptomyces aureofaciens cmuac was isolated from the root tissue of zingiber officinale rosc. Colletotrichum species from coffee growing areas of the kiambu district of kenya. Springer nature is making sarscov2 and covid19 research free. This isolate also produced ethylene on peel extracts of banana fruit that contained methionine at 0. Organism names see more details, colletotrichum musae colletotrichum musae subject category. Department of biological sciences, michigan foundation dcb8819008. Pdf essential oils to control colletotrichum musae in vitro. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens, but some species may have a mutualistic relationship with hosts. Postharvest disease of banana caused by fusarium musae. Introduction anthracnose control includes postharvest and preharvest practices in order to reduce its incidence at a commercial stage.
Antifungal activities of crude extractum from camellia semiserrata chi nanshancha seed cake against colletotrichum musae. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf colletotrichum names in current use article pdf available in fungal diversity 39 december 2009 with 1,769 reads. The genetic and ecological diversity of species associated with wild fruits are poorly explored, as compared to those associated with pre and postharvest diseases of cultivated fruits. Colletotrichum is a genus of fungi that lives within plants. Colletotrichum musae is a plant pathogen primarily affecting the genus musa, which includes bananas and plantains. It was an antagonist of colletotrichum musae and fusarium oxysporum, the causative agents of anthracnose of banana and wilt of wheat, respectively. Role of appressoria in latent infection of banana fruits by. To control this disease using biocontrol agents, two antagonistic strains sd7 and nb20 with significant inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and conidial germination of c. Characterisation of colletotrichum species associated with. Characterization of colletotrichum species associated with. Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against colletotrichum. Colletotrichum definition is large and widely distributed form genus of imperfect fungi family melanconiaceae having the conidia borne in erumpent acervuli surrounded by setae. Hence, a study was conducted to determine efficacy of essential oils eos in controlling anthracnose of bananas c. Since the bacillus genus includes some species which are known to be endophytically active,14, it is.
Use of nis increases the efficiency of nfertilizers, because nitrates formed on the oxidation of ammonium are easily lost by leaching under upland and denitrification. The many different species of colletotrichum infect many different species of plants, including some important food crops. Abstract anthracnose caused by colletotrichum species is a common postharvest disease of banana fruit in sri lanka. In one of the few studies of its kind, elad 1992 investigated the effect of 17 different freeradical scavenging chemicals on the mycelial growth of botrytis cinerea. Pronunciation of colletotrichum with 3 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning, 2 translations and more for colletotrichum. In addition, these pathogens develop a series of specialized infection structures, including germ tubes, appressoria, intracellular hyphae, and secondary necrotrophic hyphae. Effect of oligochitosan on development of colletotrichum. This essential oil was tested in vivo because of its fungicidal effect. Legard, university of florida, gulf coast research and education center, dover 33527 colletotrichum spp. Inoculum sources include mainly infected flowers but also decaying leaves, and fungal transfer can occur from banana stalks onto the crown surface during the cutting of banana bunches knifeinduced as well as when the bunches are cleaned in contaminated. It is best known as a cause of anthracnose the black and brown spots indicating ripeness on bananas. Pdf colletotrichum musae is an important pathogen causing banana anthracnose. Ethylene production rates by fresh banana peel strip explants and by whole fruit were not significantly increased after c.
We propose that an ideal approach for colletotrichum systematics should be based on a multigene phylogeny, with comparison made with type specimens, and a welldefined phylogenetic lineage should be in conjunction with recognisable polyphasic characters, such as. Morphological and physiological characterization of. Owing to increased restriction on use of synthetic fungicides, application of botanical fungicides as alternatives to control postharvest diseases is imperative. Harper and swin bume, 1979, and phenolics in colletotrichum acutatum par this work was supported by a grant from the national science present address. Some of the important host plants include citrus, yam, papaya, avocado, coffee, eggplant, sweet pepper, and tomato. Postharvest anthracnose of banana caused by colletotrichum musae is one of the major diseases resulting in huge economic losses worldwide. Control of anthracnose caused by colletotrichum musae curcuma. Predominantly, colletotrichum musae and fusarium spp. It occurs commonly on the stem and leaves of sugarcane plants in every sugarcane growing region, and causes the common redrot disease of. Species of colletotrichum use diverse strategies for invading host tissue, ranging from intracellular hemibiotrophy to subcuticular intramural necrotrophy. Control of anthracnose, caused by colletotrichum musae, on.
The distribution of colletotrichum species on different parts of the coffee bush. Pdf some preliminary studies of colletotrichum musae. Pdf anthracnose caused by colletotrichum species is a common postharvest disease of. The disease in fruits of avocado, guava, papaya, mango and passion fruit has been reported to be caused by c. In vitro results illustrated that conventional chitosan onwards 15% concentration inhibited radial mycelial growth, conidial germination, sporulation and dry weight of mycelia for colletotrichum musae berk. Colletotrichum species associated with mango in southern.
A description is provided for colletotrichum musae. In this article we will discuss about the morphology and vegetative structures of colletotrichum. Highlights the effects of nahco 3 on pathogenicity of colletotrichum musae and its potential to control postharvest diseases of banana were determined. Also on malus pumila, mangifera indica, persea americana, psidium guajava and vigna sp. First, an in vitro experiment was conducted by preparing a pure culture of anthracnose on pda medium. It causes bitter rot in variety of crops worldwide, particularly perennials in the tropical regions 3. A total of colletotrichum isolates were obtained from different banana cultivars musa spp. Two isolates of colletotrichum musae cm100 and cm103 which differed. Inoculum sources include mainly infected flowers but also. Green nanoparticles a novel approach for the management of banana anthracnose caused by colletotrichum musae divya jagana, yashoda r. Species of colletotrichum are associated with anthracnose of a wide range of host plants including cultivated and wild tropical fruits.
Lettris is a curious tetrisclone game where all the bricks have the same square shape but different content. Isolation and screening of antagonistic bacteria to. Like most types of fungi, colletotrichum has a life cycle that includes both a sexual and an asexual phase. Out of the 21 plant species tested, prosopis juliflora exhibited the highest antifungal activity with inhibition zone of 30. Hello fellow wikipedians, i have just modified one external link on colletotrichum musae.
Colletotrichum is one of the most widespread and important genera of plant pathogenic fungi worldwide, causing disease on many temperate and tropical crops. Deverall department of plant pathology and agricultural entomology, universiry ifsydney, australia accepted for publication, april 1981 in green banana fruits, subcuticular hyphae grew from hyaline appressoria for a period, causing hypersensitive reactions in adjacent cells, and then. Sacc colletotrichum infection on cocoa leaves was reported as one of the serious problems of cocoa in colombia and ghana. Colletotrichum musae isolate cm100 is capable of producing ethylene in vitro on methioninesupplemented basal medium. Colletotrichum definition of colletotrichum by merriamwebster. Some preliminary studies of colletotrichum musae associated with. In vitro assays showed that thyme oil was the best essential oil to control mycelial growth of colletotrichum musae. Studies of actinomycetes for biological control of. Colletotrichum musae is the causative organism of anthracnose in banana, which causes the development of black circularlenticular spots during ripening ploetz et al. Since colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of banana in malaysia are not well characterized and since most studies have used morphological characteristics for identification, the objective of this study was to isolate and identify colletotrichum species from anthracnose of banana by using morphological and molecular. Secondary metabolites from endophytic streptomyces. In some plants, it causes a disease called anthracnose. In india, colletotrichum causes three types of foliar symptoms, namely leaf blight, shot hole, and.
Spore dimensions of colletotrichum musae isolates grown on cpda medium 6 days after incubation at 32 2 o c. Effect of different ph levels, temperature, light intensity and media were tested against the growth of c. A laboratory method to evaluate the sensitivity of colletotrichum. Colletotrichum isolates from anthracnose of guava psidium guajava and water apple syzygium aqueum were also included in this study. Anthracnose, caused by colletotrichum musae, is the main postharvest disease affecting. Comparative studies on germination of conidia of colletotrichum musae with low and normal iron contents indicated that in addition to lacking the normal requirement for a germination stimulant lowiron conidia germinated substantially faster. A new distribution map is provided for colletotrichum musae berk. This protocol aims at detecting and evaluating sensitivity shifts in. Role of appressoria in latent infection of banana fruits. Colletotrichum species with curved conidia from herbaceous. Fungicidal activity of essential oils of cinnamomum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts.
Isolates of colletotrichum musae from four banana musa spp. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple faq for additional information. Colletotrichum musae is a major causal agent of banana anthracnose and associated with fruit disease spots for musa sp. Control of the anthracnose pathogen of banana colletotrichum. Benzimidazole fungicides such as benomyl benlate are being used on banana as a fruit dip for effective control of post. Online advance fungal diversity 45 colletotrichum species with curved conidia from herbaceous hosts damm, u. Crown rot is responsible for significant losses in banana fruits 1, 2.
1310 1301 187 911 689 260 290 811 8 1132 1425 320 285 941 211 612 630 1196 129 465 1297 1553 1139 1377 1443 536 712 1053 482 865 1431 959 1364 752 839 670 179 669 424 992